高中的英语语法是比较基础的，我们来讲一讲它的一些从句类的吧。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高中英语从句语法，供大家参阅!
高中英语从句语法：同位语从句
1、关联词不能省略
2、从句用陈述语序
从句的名词后接同位语
fact, idea, word，promise, saying，problem, news
常见引导词
that, whether, where, how, etc.
The facts that he succeeded in the experiment pleased us.
An idea came to her that she might do that in another way.
Scientists have argued over the problem whether there is life on other planets.
高中英语从句语法：表语从句
1、关联词不能省略
2、从句用陈述语序
常见引导词
what, when, where, why, whether, how, that, because, which,
What surprised me most was that he spoke English so well.
The question is how what you’ve said can be put into practice.
The reason (why ) he didn’t come is that he was ill.
It (This , That) is because iron contains more carbon than steel.
高中英语从句语法：名词从句
概述
一.定义: 在句中的作用相当于一个名词的从句叫做名词性从句
二.分类: 名词性从句包括四类, 分别是: 主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句
三.引导词: 名词从句的引导词包括连词that / if / whether, 连接代词who / whom / whose / what / which, 连接副词when / where / how / why, 另外还有: whatever, whichever, whoever等
主语从句
一.定义: 在句中充当主语的从句就是主语从句
二.示例:
a. That he looked at me in that strange way puzzled me.
b. Whether we can control the floods is still uncertain.
c. What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
d. When the broadcast station will be ready is unknown.
e. Who made the long distance call to him is not important.
f. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
三.应注意的问题:
1.以that引导主语从句时, 常用it作形式主语, 而把真正主语后移, 如在以下句型中就是如此: It is + adj / n + that...; It is said / reported / hoped that...
a. It is certain that fuels like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.
b. It was said that only three people in the world could understand it at that time.
2.whether引导主语从句时, 常置于句首 (此时whether不能用if代替), 也有后移的用法 (此时whether可以用if代替)
a. Whether they will come is not yet known.
b. It is not yet known whether they will go there.
3.连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when, where, how, why引导主语从句时, 一般不后移
a. What I told you last night was really true.
b. Which team will win the game is not yet known.
c. How they went to the USA is still a puzzle.
宾语从句
一.定义: 在句中充当宾语的从句就是宾语从句. 谓语动词, 非谓语动词, 介词都可以带有宾语从句
二.示例:
1.谓语动词的宾语从句:
a. They knew that the habit may kill them.
b. She asked whether / if there were any chemist’s shops in this street.
c. The teacher told them who first invented the television set.
d. I want to know whose notebook is left on the table in the reading room.
e. Can you tell me where the Great Pyramid is ?
2.非谓语动词的宾语从句:
a. Having known what he had done in school, his father was very angry.
3.介词的宾语从句:
a. They talked half an hour about what happened in the school.
b. He is pleased with what we did yesterday.
c. Leifeng always thought of how he can do more for the people.
三.应注意的问题:
1.句中有宾语从句且有宾补时, 通常用it作形式宾语, 而把宾语从句移到宾补后
a. We think it wrong that he didn’t help Tom.
b. I feel it possible that you will finish the work in a day.
2.that从句一般不作介词的宾语, 但except等少数表示 “除外”的介词除外
a. I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.
3.关于主句和宾语从句的时态呼应:
①.如果主句是过去时, 宾语从句应是 “过去”范畴的某时态
a. He said he would fly to Egypt next day.
b. He remembered that he had left her umbrella in the library.
②.如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象, 可以保持 “现在”范畴时态, 而不与主句时态呼应
a. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
③.如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时, 宾语从句根据情况选用所需要的时态
4.关于宾语从句的 “否定转移”: 主句的谓语动词为这些词( think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, guess等)时, 宾语从句的否定转移到主句中去
a. I don’t think he will come.
b. I don’t think there are living things on the moon.
表语从句
一.定义: 在句中充当表语的从句就是表语从句
二.示例:
a. My idea is that we should help mother do house work every day.
b. The question is whether we can catch the early bus.
c. Nicotine! That’s what the smokers need.
d. Ten years of hard work! That’s why I now look so old.
同位语从句
一.定义: 在一个名词或代词(如: news, fact, idea, hope, promise, problem, possibility等)后面, 对其作进一步的解释、说明的从句称为同位语从句
二.示例:
a. I don’t know the fact that the fireman was killed in the fire.
b. I have no idea when Jack will be back.
c. He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
d. There is no doubt that she is fit for the job.
e. The news that our team has won the game is very exciting.
f. I didn’t tell mother the fact that I met with an accident on my way home.
常见问题
一.that引导名词从句与定语从句的区别:
1.引导名词从句的that本身无词义, 只起引导作用, 在从句中并不充当任何句子成分; 而引导定语从句的that是关系代词, 有词义(指代先行词), 除了起引导作用之外, 还在从句中充当句子成分
2.引导宾语从句的that可省略, 引导其他名词从句的that一般不能省略; 而引导定语从句的that如果在定语从句中充当宾语, 也可以省略
a. I know that smoking does harm to people’s health. (宾语从句)
b. The text tells me a fact that I have already known. (定语从句)
c. The news that he had passed the examination made her parents very happy.(同位语从句)
d. The news that he told me yesterday made me surprised.(定语从句)
二.which引导名词从句与定语从句的区别:
which引导名词从句时, 其含义是 “哪一个, 哪一些”; which引导定语从句时, 指代先行词, 其含义就是先行词的意思
a. There are so many beautiful caps in the shop. I really don’t know which one I should choose.(宾语从句)
b. I will never forget the days which we spent in the countryside. (定语从句)
三.that / what引导名词从句的区别:
引导名词从句时, that本身无词义, 只起引导作用, 在从句中也不充当任何句子成分; what有词义, what引导的名词从句的含义是 “…的事 / 物 (任何抽象的或具体的物) ”, what在从句中也充当一个成分
a. They knew that the habit may kill them.
b. What he wanted to see (“他想看到的事”)was an end to all the armies of the world.
c. Nicotine! That’s what the smokers need.(“抽烟者所需要的东西”)
四.引导名词从句时只用whether, 不用if的情况:
1.引导主语从句时:
a. Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
2.引导表语从句时:
a. The problem is whether we need it.
3.引导介词后的宾语从句时:
a. He was worried about whether he passed the exam.
4.与or not连用时:
a. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
5.置于不定式之前时:
a. I don’t know whether to go.
6.引导同位语从句时:
a. The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled.
五.名词从句的语序问题: 名词从句中都要使用陈述语序, 参看前文例句
2.引导表语从句时:
a. The problem is whether we need it.
3.引导介词后的宾语从句时:
a. He was worried about whether he passed the exam.
4.与or not连用时:
a. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
5.置于不定式之前时:
a. I don’t know whether to go.
6.引导同位语从句时:
a. The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled
高中英语从句语法：状语从句
一.定义: 在句中作状语的从句就叫做状语从句
二.分类: 状语从句包括以下八类
1.时间状语从句: 由when, while, as, before, after, since, till / until, as soon as等引导
a. I shall tell him the good news when he comes.
2.原因状语从句: 由because, as, since, for等引导
a. He didn’t hear me because he was listening to the radio.
b. Since you are free today, you had better show me how to use the computer.
3.地点状语从句: 由where等引导
a. Please put the book where it was after you finish reading it.
4.条件状语从句: 由if, unless等引导
a. I will come to see you if I have time on Sunday.
5.比较或方式状语从句: 由than, as, as if, as...as...等引导
a. I know you do better than he does.
b. The old worker runs very fast as if he were a young man.
6.目的状语从句: 由so that, in order that等引导
a. They set out early so that they could arrive at the station in good time.
7.结果状语从句: 由so, so that, so / such...that...等引导
a. They set out early so that they arrived at the station in good time.
b. He finished his work so well that the boss praised him in public.
8.让步状语从句: 由though / although, even if, whatever, whoever, whenever, no matter what / who等引导
a. He is in very good health though he is old.
b. They didn’t stop working even if it began to rain hard.
三.应注意的问题:
1.时间和条件状语从句中常用一般时代替将来时
a. I will go and see a film if I have time tomorrow.
b. I will tell the about it as soon as he comes back.
c. He said he would go out for a walk when he finished his work.
2.状语从句中可有省略: 在一个含有状语从句的复合句中, 如果主句和状语从句的主语相同, 或状语从句的主语是it, 并且状语从句的谓语含有be动词时, 可以将状语从句的主语和be一起省略掉
a. As (she was ) a child, she began to learn English.
b. If ( he was ) alive, he must be at least ninety years old.
c. Although ( he was ) told to stop, he kept on working.
d. If ( it is) necessary, ring me up.
e. He didn’t say a single word until ( he was ) asked.
3.as和than引导的比较状语从句中, 从句中和主句中相同的部分往往省略, 从句中只剩下比较对象
a. He is a head taller than I ( am tall ).
than之后的人称代词是主格或宾格时, 有时意思不同, 如:
a. She likes the dog more than me.=She likes the dog more than she likes me.她喜欢狗比喜欢我更多
b. She likes the dog more than I.=She likes the dog more than I like the god. 她比我更喜欢狗
4.含有no sooner…than…和hardly / barely / scarcely …when…的句子相当于含有as soon as…引导的时间状语的句子. no sooner或 hardly放在句首时, 主谓要部分倒装
a. He had no sooner seen the policeman than he ran away. =No sooner had he seen the policeman than he ran away. =He ran away as soon as he saw the policemen.
b. He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang. =Hardly had he sat down when the telephone rang. =The telephone rang as soon as he sat down.
5.immediately, directly, instantly等词也可以作为连词引导时间状语从句, 相当于as soon as引导的时间状语
a. I went to see him immediately I heard from him. =I went to see him as soon as I heard from him.
6.the moment, the minute, the second引导时间状语从句, 相当于as soon as引导的时间状语
a. He let out a cry the moment he saw the snake.=He let out a cry as soon as he saw the snake.
7.each time, every time, any time, last time, next time, first time可以引导时间状语从句
a. They shake hands with each other each time they meet.
8.since引导的时间状语从句中, 若谓语动词是延续性动词或状态动词, 则其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的结束
a. It is five years since he lived here. 他不住这里己有五年了
a. They shake hands with each other each time they meet.
8.since引导的时间状语从句中, 若谓语动词是延续性动词或状态动词, 则其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的结束
a. It is five years since he lived here. 他不住这里己有五年了
高中英语从句语法：定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
一.关系代词的用法: 关系代词指代先行词
在定语从句中作主语
在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语, 介词在后
指人
that / who
that / who / whom
指物
that / which
that / which
上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略; 在口语及非正式文体中whom常被who所替代; 另外, 关系代词whose表示 “…(先行词)的”
二.示例:
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语
a. Do you know the man that / who came to see Xiao Yang this morning ?
b. This is a book that / which tells about space rocket.
2.关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语
a. The comrade ( that / who / whom ) they came to visit is a scientist.
b. I will never forget the day ( that / which ) we spent in the countryside.
3.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语, 介词在后
a. This is the house ( that / which ) he was born in.
b. The person ( that / who / whom ) you should write to is Mr Ball.
c. The man ( that / who / whom ) you talked with is our English teacher.
4.whose引导的定语从句
a. I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner.
b. The child whose mother died in the fire is now an engineer in our company.
c. He is living in a house whose windows are painted white.
三.应注意的问题:
1.指物时, 关系代词只用that而不用which的情况:
①.先行词被最高级或the only, the very, the same等修饰时
a. This is the best play that was written by Jack.
b. He is the only person that I can trust.
②.先行词被序数词或the last等词修饰时
a. This is the first car that arrived this morning.
③.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时或被不定代词all, any, no等修饰时
a. All the people that come from the country work much harder.
b. This is all that I can tell you.
④.人+动物或事物共同作为先行词时
a. My father and Mr Brown talked of things and persons that they remembered for about an hour.
⑤.句中又有which作为疑问词出现时
a. Which is the train that goes to Beijing ?
2.关系代词who, which, that在定语从句中作主语时, 要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题. 因为who / that / which指代先行词, 所以定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致即可
a. I came to get the book that was left in the classroom.
b. I came to get the books that were left in the classroom.
关系副词引导的定语从句
一.关系副词的用法: when在定语从句中作地点状语; where在定语从句中作地点状语; why在定语从句中作原因状语
二.示例:
a. He was well at the time when I saw him.
b. Let’s meet at the place where we met yesterday.
c. This is the reason why I am in favor of the singer.
三.应注意的问题:
1.在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略, 这样的名词如: the time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second等 (也有语法家认为是这些名词直接引导了时间状语从句)
a. By the time ( when ) he was fourteen years old he had learned much English.
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
一.说明: 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可以位于关系代词之前, 从而构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
二.这种定语从句中关系代词的用法: 在这种定语从句中, 关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which(指事物), 而不能使用that / who
三.示例:
a. This is the house in which he was born.
b. The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball.
c. The man with whom you talked is our English teacher.
d. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.
四.应注意的问题:
1.关系代词前的介词可以是单个介词, 也可以是短语介词或类似短语介词的词组
a. This is the house in which he was born.
b. At five o’clock we reached the house, in front of which there is a big tree.
c. At five o’clock we reached the mountain, at the foot of which lie some farmhouses.
2.根据表达的需要, 介词之前还可以有其他词, 从而构成“名词或代词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
a. I used to live in a small room, the window of which faces the street.
b. At the gate stood a group of students, some of whom are girls.
3.介词若为短语动词中的介词, 则不可将介词拆开放在关系代词之前
a. This is the magazine which you are looking for.( for不能放在which之前)
b. The child whom Aunt Li takes care of is ill.( of不能放在whom之前)
4.关系副词when / where / why常可与 “介词+关系代词”互换
a. Do you remember the days when we were in Beijing? ( =in which we were in Beijing )
b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?( =in which we once played for a whole day )
c. This is the reason why he was absent yesterday. (= for which he was absent )
限定性与非限定性定语从句
一.两者的区别: 见下表
形式
作用
译法
限定性定语从句
无逗号与主句分开
修饰限定作用, 即不可缺少的定语
其译文常位于先行词之前, 并体现“的”
非限定性定语从句
有逗号与主句分开
附加、补充说明的作用, 若缺少它, 句意仍然完整
常将其译成一个和主句并列的分句
二.关系词的用法: 非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 并且关系词在任何情况下都不能省略, 除此之外, 在关系词的使用上, 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句完全相同
三.示例:
a. My book, which is very old, is on the table.
b. President Kennedy, who had heard of King before, was interested to meet him.
c. His father, who is working in Beijing, is an engineer.
d. The house, where he was born, has been destroyed in the earthquake.
e. Mr. Smith, with whom you just talked, is our English teacher.
f. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.
四.应注意的问题:
1.as / which都可以引导一个非限定性定语从句, as / which是关系代词, 指代主句中所提到的某种情况, 它们的不同点是:
①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后
②. as还带有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意
a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.
b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.
c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.
常见问题
一.定语从句还原法: 试题中有很多有关定语从句的, 这类题往往需选择引导词部分. 做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念: 定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于这一点, 我们可以用“还原法”来检验定语从句是否正确, 即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句. 具体做法是:
①.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词
②.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句
例如, 还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是: 先将that / which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就能得到一个合理的简单句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是: 先将where替换成in which, 再将which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就得到一个合理的简单句: We once played for a whole day in the park.
a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?
b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?
c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?
d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?
二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么
a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.
b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE.
①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后
②. as还带有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意
a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.
b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.
c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.
常见问题
一.定语从句还原法: 试题中有很多有关定语从句的, 这类题往往需选择引导词部分. 做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念: 定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于这一点, 我们可以用“还原法”来检验定语从句是否正确, 即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句. 具体做法是:
①.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词
②.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句
例如, 还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是: 先将that / which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就能得到一个合理的简单句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是: 先将where替换成in which, 再将which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就得到一个合理的简单句: We once played for a whole day in the park.
a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?
b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?
c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?
d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?
二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么
a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.
b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE
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